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Culture Vocab Chart Word Definition Explain fount voice communication Set of sounds, combi country of sounds, and symbols utilise for communication. Form of communication used amongst deal. EnglishFrenchBengali Standard spoken vocabulary Variant of verbiage that a countrys tribe collectk to use in schools, media, government, etc. Used for functionary government business, education, and mass communications. English in AmericaFrench in FranceEnglish in Canada Dialects topical anaesthetic or regional characteristics of lyric poem Has different pronunciation and distinctive grammar ad vocab South Y both northernmost You guys South Fixin to North About to Isogloss Geographic marge within which linguistic feature occurs separates regions in which different voice communications exist Ossetia -European usual Intelligibility Ability of two people to understand each other when disquisition Understanding what more or less(prenominal)one else speaks Bob understand what Billy says. Language families host of languages with a sh bed unless fairly distant origin Languages that came from comparable root language Indo European Sound Shift Slight reposition in expression across languages within subfamily or thorough language family Change of language that affect pronunciation early-Indo-European Linguistic hypothesis proposing universe of discourse of an ancestral Indo European language Hearth of ancient Latin, Greek, and Sanskrit languages which link upstart languages. Scandinavia to North Africa and North America through parts of Asia to Australia Backward reconstruction Tracking of sound shifts and hardening of consonants plump forward toward original language termination backward to original language milk in English, melk in Dutch, milche in German. Extinct Language Language without any native speakers Language not speak anymore Latin, Gothic, Hebrew Deep Reconstruction Technique victimisation vocabulary of an extinct language to re-crea te language that preceded it. Going back to a languages preceded language milk in English, melk in Dutch, milche in German Nostratic Language believed to be the ancestral language of Proto Indo Europeans withal for the Kartvelian languages of the southern Caucasus regions Hungarian, Finnish Language Divergence Oppo rate of language convergence Process that German linguist August Schleicher suggested languages are form when language breaks into dialects due to lack of spatial interaction French spoken in France is now different from the French spoken in Quebec. Language Convergence Opposite of language divergence collapsing of two languages into one Results from lucid spatial interaction of people with different languages Balkans where different languages (such as Greek, Albanian, Romania, Bulgarian) every(prenominal) share certain features of grammar Renfrew Hypothesis Developed by British scholar Colin Renfrew. Said that 3 areas in and near first agricultural hearth, plenti ful Crescent, gave rise to three language families. Europes Indo European languages, North African and Arabian languages, and languages in present day Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India. Anatolia (Turkey), westward bend of Fertile Crescent, Eastern arc of Fertile Crescent. Conquest theory major(ip) theory of how Proto-Indo-European diffused to Europe Early speakers of Proto-Indo-European spread westward on horseback, and started diffusions of European tongues. Modern day Ukraine. Commodification Process in which something is given pecuniary prise Good or sentiment is turned into something that has particular value and can be make outd in market economy. Chicken used to be expensive, and solitary(prenominal) for special occasions.With battery farming, chicken meat has become a commodity. Monolingual States Countries in which one language is spoken These are countries with only one official language Japan (Japanese) Official Language Language selected often by educat ed and politic wholey powerful elite To kick upstairs internal cohesion, usually language used in courts and government. America EnglishFrance FrenchMexico Spanish Toponym Place pick out Word coined in association with the name of a status. New York = From the Duke of York, Nova Scotia = New Scotland, New tee shirt = from the Isle of Jersey in the English Channel Secularism Ethical and moral standards should be theorize and adhered to for support on primer Not to accommodate prescriptions of a divinity and promise of comfortable afterlife America Monotheistic Religion mavin supreme being is revered as creator and arbiter of all that exists in universe Is the belief in the existence of one divinity or in the oneness of God. Islam, Judaism, and Christianity. Polytheistic Religion Multiple deities are revered as creators and arbiters of all that exists in universe Belief in more than one god Hinduism, Buddhism, Wicca Animistic Religion Inanimate objects be in possession o f souls Can help or hinder compassionate efforts on Earth Shintoism, Animism. Universalizing Religion Belief that there is one true devotion that is oecumenic in scope Religion that wants to take over man Islam and Christianity heathenish Religion Religion that is particular to one, culturally distinct host of people. fag outt actively seek converts through missionary bat Judaism, Hinduism day-dream Languages Languages that lay in areas those were once controlled by the Roman Empire but were not subsequently overwhelmed. Related languages derived fromVulgar Latin and forming a subgroup of theitalic languageswithin theIndo-Europeanlanguage family. French, Spanish, Italian, Romanian, and Portuguese. Germanic Languages Languages that reflect expansion of people out of Northern Europe to west and south Sub- counterbalance of theIndo-Europeanlanguage family. English, German, Danish, Norwegian, Swedish. Slavic Languages Languages developed as Slavic people migrated from bas e in present day Ukraine Close to 2000 years ago Russian, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Ukrainian, Slovenian, Bulgarian clapper Franca Tongue spoken in ancient Mediterranean ports that consisted of mixture of Italian, French, Greek, Spanish, and some Arabic. Common language, language used among speakers of different languages for purpose of trade and commerce. English Pidgin Language Parts of two or more languages are combined in simplified structure and vocabulary Simplified language that develops as a means of communication between two or more groups that do not have a language in common. Name of the Creole languageTok Pisinderives from the English wordstalk pidgin. Creole Language Language that began as pidgin language Later adopted as contract tongue by people in place of mother tongue. Cultural Landscape Visible imprint of human activity and tillage on landscape Imprinted on landscape by the activities of various human occupants Building, forms, and artifacts Placelessness L oss of uniqueness of place One place looks like the beside Association of Manchester with a distinctive style of music and club goal is relatively recent. Intrafaith boundaries Boundaries within the same faith A major religions boundaries Sunni & ShiiteCatholic & Protestant Interfaith boundaries Boundaries between different religion major religions boundaries Muslims & Christians. Religious fundamentalism Religious movement whose objectives are to return to the foundations of faith and to work on state policy A usuallyreligiousmovement or point of view characterized by a return to fundamental principles Protestantcommunity in theUnited Statesin the early20th deoxycytidine monophosphate Sharia laws System of Islamic law, sometimes called Quranic law. Unlike most Western systems of law that are ground on legal precedence, Sharia is based on interpretation Women must wear a hijab at all times, or else they will be stoned to death Jihad belief within Islam, commonly translated as Holy War Personal or collective struggle on the part of Muslims to live up to religious standards defense of religion when attacked with aggressive wars of conquest and expansion Folk refinement Cultural traits such ad dress mode, dwellings, and tradition Institutions of usually small, conventional communities. Amish Popular stopping point Cultural traits such as dress, diet, and music that topical anaestheticise Part of todays changeable, urban-bases, media-influenced western societies. 2chainz, skinny jeans, Christmas tree local anesthetic elaboration Group of people in particular place who see themselves as a collective or community Share experiences, custom, and traits, work to preserve those traits and customs Hutterites in North America Material coating Art, housing, clothing, sports dances, foods and other similar items Constructed or created by a group of people Eating curry, wearing a kimono Nonmaterial culture Beliefs, practices, aesthetics, and values of a gro up of people Not constructed or created by a group of people Praying five times a day, French is spoken in France Hierarchical diffusion Idea or innovation spreads by ephemeral first among most connected places or people Leapfrogging of innovations over wide-eyed areas, with geographic distance a less important influence string out of fashion spreads from level to nest level Hearth Area where idea or cultural trait originates Place of origin Hearth of feed was from Mexico Assimilate People lose originality differentiating traits when they come into contact with another culture Used to describe immigrant adaption to new places of residence Mexican teens start performing/dressing more American after they move here. Custom figure routinely followed by a group of people Another word is tradition Taking your shoes off before going into a house. Cultural Appropriation Culture adopts ustoms and knowledge from other cultures Uses them for their unadoptable in that particular cu lture Native American dream catchers adopted by USA and sold in stores Neolocalism Seeking out of regional culture and reinvigoration of it In response to uncertainty of the modern world. Ethnic neighborhood fit(p) in larger metropolitan city and constructed by a local culture In which local culture can practice its customs Little Haiti in Santa Domingo Hinduism One of oldest religions in modern world, originating in Indus River valley Doesnt have a single founder, single theology, or organisation on its origins. Buddhism Enlightenment would come through knowledge, no greed, craving, or desire. fuck honesty. Splintered from Hinduism as reaction to strict social hierarchy by Hinduism order system Strict social segregation of people Basis of stock certificate and occupation Indias Hindu society Shintoism Religion located in Japan and related to Buddhism Focuses particularly on genius and ancestor piety Taoism Religion founded Lao Tsu and based on Book of the Way sui table form of political rule on the oneness of humanity and nature Judaism Roots and teachings of Abraham, uniting his people to worship only one god Jews worship only one God, and God agrees to protect his chosen people, the Jews Diaspora emphasized or voluntary dispersal of people from homeland to new place Population dispersal or involuntary relocation Jews during the Holocaust Zionism sweat to unite the Jews of the Diaspora Establish a national homeland for them in the promised land. Sunni Adherents to largest branch of Islam, believe in value of family and community in solution of lifes problem Differ from Shiites in accepting the traditions of Muhammad as authoritative. Shiite Also known as Shiahs, represent Persian variation of Islam Believe in infallibility and divine right to authority of descendants of Ali. Pilgrimage Voluntary give-up the ghost by an adherent to a sacred site Pay heed or participate in a ritual at the site Hajj Hajj Muslim pilgrimage to Mecc a Birthplace of Muhammad Authenticity true statement with which a single stereotypical or typecast conveys Otherwise kinetics and complex local culture or its customs Distance corrupt Effects of distance on interaction Greater the distance the less interaction Mexican would be closer to American than Russian Time-space crunch Social and psychological effects of living in a world which t-s convergence has rapidly reached high intensity Associated with work of David Harvey Genocide authoritative killing or extermination of an entire people or nation Planned elimination of a group of people Jews during the Holocaust